1. Disappearance of P waves on the ECG, replaced by small F waves.
2. The frequency of the F waves is approximately 35-600 beats per minute, with varying sizes, shapes, and amplitudes.
3. The ventricular rate is irregular, typically between 100-160 beats per minute when untreated.
4. The shape of the QRS complex is normal. AF is often secondary to other cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy.
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