1. Abnormal Odor: Urine usually has a faint ammonia smell. A rotten apple-like odor may suggest diabetic ketoacidosis, a pungent ammonia odor may indicate cystitis or urinary retention, and a foul smell could be a sign of bacterial infection.
2. Persistent Foamy Urine: If urine consistently has foamy bubbles that do not dissipate quickly, it could be a sign of proteinuria, which occurs when the kidneys' filtration system is compromised and allows excessive protein in the urine.
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