1. Tingling sensation in the legs: High blood sugar damages nerves, causing peripheral neuropathy. This leads to numbness in the legs, which worsens over time if untreated.
2. Leg cramps: Poorly controlled blood sugar damages arteries and causes plaque formation, narrowing blood vessels. Legs, being far from the heart and in a seated/lying position, are prone to vascular disease.
3. Itching in the legs: Uncontrolled blood sugar weakens the immune system, increasing the risk of skin infections. Bacterial and fungal infections, such as folliculitis and athlete's foot, cause leg itching. Nerve damage and abnormal sweat/sebum gland function also contribute to itching.
4. Delayed wound healing in the legs: Nerve damage and decreased sensation of temperature lead diabetic patients to unknowingly burn their legs.
High blood sugar weakens the immune system and impairs blood flow, hindering wound healing.
5. Hyperpigmentation in the legs: Many diabetics have dark spots on their lower extremities due to skin infections or healed blister marks. Vascular changes in the legs may also cause hyperpigmentation.